Simulating enzyme reactions: Challenges and perspectives

On Defining African Philosophy: History, Challenges, and Perspectives

Challenges in Promoting EFL Learners' Autonomy: Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perspectives

Learner autonomy (LA) has always been a controversial issue among applied linguists. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the teachers' and learners' perceptions of learner autonomy as well as the feasibility of learner autonomy. Despite the importance of learner autonomy and the existence of several related studies, the challenges in promoting LA in Iranian institutes to the re...

Challenges in Teaching ESP at Medical Universities of Iran from ESP Stakeholders' Perspectives

The status of teaching ESP has been studied both internationally and locally. However, it seems that the challenges of teaching ESP in medical universities of Iran have not been studiedappropriately. The main objective of the present study was to explore the main challenges of teaching ESP in medical universities of Iran. Due to the nature of the study, a qualitative res earch design (Phenomeno...

Elaborating the Challenges of Health Insurance Extent of Coverage and Proposing Solutions from Experts Perspectives

Abstract   Background: The health insurance extent of coverage was decided by the Health Insurance Organization in order to manage costs. In this plan, to determine the extent of payment by each medical center, the performance of the year 2017 was considered the base point. Furthermore, it should not cost more than the performance of the year 2017 or 10 % less. This issue had caused challenges...

Challenges and Perspectives toward Development of more Effective Influenza Vaccine

Influenza viruses continue to be a major health threat in human and bird populations. The improvements in formulation and production level of the current influenza vaccines are not sufficient to afford complete protection. The continuous antigenic drifts and emergence of endemic and zoonotic strains make influenza vaccine planning difficult. Concern about the emergence of new influenza pandemic...